登陆
350 浏览摘要
自1978年我国改革开放以来，我国对外贸易经济数据获得巨大提升，1980年我国开始实施经济特区，大力发展对外贸易。这标志着我国渐渐进入经济全球化时代，对外开放政策使我国经济、科技等迅速发展。而当经济全球化时代到来，对外贸易发展也暴露了问题，我国对外贸易发展方式亟需转变。二十大指出，我国对外贸易发展方式需向高质量转变，要重视发展高质量、高科技的产品，突破国外技术垄断。在国内我国各地对外贸易水平发展不平衡，我们必须缩小各地差距，带动全面发展，转变外贸发展模式，提高科技含量，迫切需要提升外贸的质量。
本文将使用SPSS进行因子分析和聚类分析对我国东部地区九个省份进行分析。根据国家统计数据构建综合评价体系，含有两个一级指标，并将其细分为六个二级指标。对九个省份2022年的数据进行分析，根据相应分析结果进行了横向分析，使用因子分析将各省份分为三组，后根据分析情况，使用K均值聚类分析细分为四组，以便分类细化。再使用因子分析对2018-2022这五年的数据进行纵向分析，绘制折线图，得出相应的分析结果，可知我国东部地区的对外贸易水平不均衡，且存在极端化。根据分析结果，对我国对外经济持续增长以提出建议。
关键词：对外经济贸易水平；因子分析；聚类分析
ABSTRACT
Since China's reform and opening up in 1978, China's foreign trade economic data has been greatly improved, and in 1980, China began to develop foreign trade in special economic zones. This marks that China has entered the era of globalization, and the policy of opening up to the outside world has led to the rapid development of China's economy, science and technology. With the advent of the era of economic globalization, the development of foreign trade has also exposed problems, and the development mode of China's foreign trade needs to be changed urgently. The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that China's foreign trade development mode needs to be transformed to high quality, and it is necessary to pay attention to the development of high-quality and high-tech products and break through the monopoly of foreign technology. At home, the development of foreign trade in various parts of our country is unbalanced, we must narrow the gap between various places, promote all-round development, change the development model of foreign trade, improve the content of science and technology, and urgently need to improve the quality of foreign trade.
In this paper, SPSS is used for factor analysis and cluster analysis to analyze nine provinces in eastern China. A comprehensive evaluation system is constructed based on national statistical data, which contains two first-level indicators and is subdivided into six second-level indicators. The data of nine provinces in 2022 were analyzed, and according to the corresponding analysis results, the provinces were divided into three groups by factor analysis, and then subdivided into four groups by K-means cluster analysis according to the analysis situation, so as to classify and refine. Then, factor analysis is used to conduct a longitudinal analysis of the data in the five years from 2018 to 2022, draw a line chart, and obtain the corresponding analysis results, which shows that the level of foreign trade in eastern China is uneven and extreme. Based on the results of the analysis, suggestions are made for the sustained growth of China's foreign economy.
Key words: Foreign economic and trade level;Factor analysis;Cluster analysis